Everything you Need to Know About Human papillomavirus Essay

Odds are you have at any rate came into contact with the human papilliomavirus and did not understand you did. Most grown-ups have whom are explicitly dynamic have been presented to HPV, with upwards of 20 million evaluated Americans to be contaminated with the strains that cause genital moles. The uplifting news, most cases have no side effects of medical issues. Presently for the terrible news, it causes almost all instances of cervical disease . From multiple points of view, you can contrast HPV with genital herpes. Both are serious and once in a while have side effects. Be that as it may, both are equipped for messing clinical up and are both boundless in this nation. Fortunately, HPV just purposes disease in a little level of those tainted. Other than cervical malignant growth, which is generally all that ever gets referenced while examining this disease, HPV can likewise cause malignant growth of the vulva, penis, head, neck, and rear-end, however these are amazingly uncommon. These infections are called papillomavirus in light of the fact that they will in general reason moles, or papillomas. Which are generous tumors. Moles caused from HPV can show up in the hands, feet or on/around the genital territory. The strains of HPV that cause moles on all fours are once in a while equivalent to the ones that cause genital moles. There are around 200 distinct kinds of HPV. Just around forty strains are caused from some type of sexual contact and just a bunch are related with cervical malignant growth. More than ninety-five percent of HPV infections cause no manifestations and issues. The Gardasil immunization, a genuine of three shots over a time of a half year, was endorsed for ladies between the ages of thirteen and twenty-six. This antibody was appeared to forestall HPV strains sixteen and eighteen, strains causing 70% of cervical malignancy. Gardisil doesn't fix or forestall all strains of HPV. Specialists don’t know whether patients who show no side effects are as infectious as the ones who seem to be.

The Political Theory of Niccolo Machiavelli free essay sample

Takes a gander at the philosophies of Niccolo Machiavelli concerning political hypothesis and the employments of tyrannies. This paper inspects the political hypothesis of Niccolo Machiavelli. The writer manages his hypothesis and works on the utilization of despots during war times and the residents rights. Niccolo Machiavellis belief system toward famous government can be viewed as him being against a law based type of government. He says that tyranny works best since standard individuals don't be able to administer themselves. An autocracy is vital in light of the fact that thee Prince can ingrain dread in the individuals the danger of discipline exists which makes it simpler to administer. Autocracy permits the Prince to choose what is to the greatest advantage of its residents. Men love at their own unrestrained choice, however dread at the desire of the Prince. An insightful Prince must depend on what is in his capacity and not on what is in the intensity of others. We will compose a custom paper test on The Political Theory of Niccolo Machiavelli or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page (Mc Donald, 1986)

Importance of Tourism in London

Significance of Tourism in London The World Tourism Organization (WTO) characterizes the travel industry as the exercises of people heading out to and remaining in places outside their standard condition for not more than one back to back year for recreation, business, and different purposes. James Mak (2004) found that around 62 percent of worldwide travel is recreation travel, 18 percent business travel, and the staying 20 percent is for different purposes. Notwithstanding what the purpose behind movement might be there is an immediate linkage of the travel industry and the economy. As per the most recent temporary information from the International Passenger Survey in the principal quarter of 2010, London invited 2.96 million guests. The travel industry is an essential supporter of Londons economy, creating roughly  £10.6 billion of overnight guest consumption in 2009 (Visit London: certainty sheet). Clearly the travel industry speaks to a pertinent wellspring of remote trade acquiring a critical salary, profiting the London economy. This paper will endeavor to investigate the significance of the travel industry to the London economy concentrating on various angles in the business that identify with the financial circumstance of London. In 2002, Mayor Ken Livingstone conceived a monstrous arrangement to empower the travel industry and in this manner improve the monetary states of the nation. He considered the travel industry to be an industry with extraordinary potential and consequently expected to profit the monetary circumstance by improving the proficiency of the framework. From that point forward a great part of the Mayors plan for the travel industry in London has been overhauled and enhanced by the current civic chairman Boris Johnson. In Livingstones foreword to the distribution he focused on that travel industry is indispensable to Londons flourishing. Our own is a world city with unparalleled intrigue London has accepted expanding significance as a head place of interest particularly after disturbance from different opponents that deflect travelers from visiting their nation. For example mainstream places of interest like Luxor, Alexandria and Sham Al Sheik are currently viewed as antagonistic conditions a fter the removing of president Ben Ali in Tunisia and the monstrous road fights that followed. In an article posted by the Euronews (2011), a Spanish explorer advised journalists he had chosen to leave Egypt on the grounds that the circumstance is getting convoluted and risky. He included: We cannot go anyplace and we have three little girls. This turmoil in rival visitor nations makes the politically steady and consequently more secure London a prime traveler goal. It is obviously evident that London is positioned most elevated for global the travel industry. London is a city of glad notable custom, valid design, a diversion capital just as a significant money related and business focus. Numerous remote dignitaries other than taking care of their official obligations likewise set aside some effort to encounter the city as vacationers. Recreation exercises have greater adaptability and there is normally a scope of spots where specific relaxation exercises can be embraced, and far less fleeting limitations on their pleasure, regardless of whether people are as yet limited by committed, natural and business related time (Shaw and Williams, 2002) The Economic Development Strategy for London perceived that travel industry and accommodation division as one of the most critical powers in the London economy. The travel industry and recreation are additionally significant components in labor markets, with the travel industry representing more than one million occupations in the UK alone. (Williams and Shaw, 1998) The London Tourist Boards Tourism Strategy for London has determined that the quantity of occupations made by the travel industry in 1985 is around 275,000 all day work counterparts. This records for nearly 8 percent of all Londons work. This count incorporates day guest spend which is assessed to add 10 percent to the aggregate (25,000 occupations) Since at that point, the arrangement weights on the delicacy of the key monetary measurements on Londons the travel industry as the structure of work in the business has changed significantly for instance in the progressions of the data and correspondence innovations just as l ow maintenance work and capital venture. In any case, the travel industry is set to develop with this expanding pace of the travel industry it will unavoidably get benefit to the financial circumstance London. The Draft London Plan gauges that development in work in inns and providing food will be second just to money related and business administrations. Specialized Report Thirteen on lodging limit and request predicts a 3.4 percent yearly increment in abroad visits to London somewhere in the range of 2000 and 2020. The administration segment has expanded in significance, in both total and relative terms, in many economies in ongoing decades. (Knox and Agnew, 1998) As the administration division benefits significantly a multiplier impact becomes possibly the most important factor which makes between firm linkages which all have a lot of ado with the economy. The geology of the creation of relaxation and the travel industry administrations shares numerous highlights with different segments (Agarwal, 2000). Shaw and Williams (2002) found that providing food held solid connects to the agrarian division and furthermore that there was soundness between territorial vehicle firms, just as certai n types of furniture makers. It is this multiplier impact that worries the manner by which use in the travel industry channels all through the economy, invigorating different segments as it does as such (Pearce, 1989) Although this may speak to benefit inside the monetary segment of the city Smith (1995) contends that unfortunately, the maltreatment of multipliers regularly observed to be as continuous as genuine uses consequently contributing further to the industrys absence of validity. This skeptical view holds certain reality as debasement is well inside the visitor business, anyway the degree to this isn't as extreme as to cause a huge defeat in the economy. Another point worried by the city hall leader is Londons accomplishment in the worldwide the travel industry commercial center of which majorly affected the presentation of the UK the travel industry economy. The city hall leader has rehashed his promise to guaranteeing that London keeps on adding to the more extensive interests of the British the travel industry. The visionary arrangement fittingly called Visit London will look to support Londons universal profile and status as a world city as it has for some time been built up as the global portal to the UK, as indicated by the Tourism Company (2002), with 59 percent of abroad guests showing up by means of one of Londons air terminals. Over portion of abroad guests invest energy in London, a considerable lot of whom travel by rail vehicle and mentor. This leads me to my next point, which is the significance of the movement framework. Geoff Muirhead, CEO of an air terminal gathering, focused on the significance of the aeronautics business in the UK economy four gathering air terminals produce in excess of 3 billion pounds for UK plc, and bolster a large number of movement and the travel industry related employments. Inbound the travel industry is obviously uplifting news for the British economy, while abroad travel permits UK residents a very much earned break in a sunnier atmosphere. We have to discover methods of supporting both these parts of the travel industry considerably more viably, given their significance to the UK economy all in all. The friendliness and recreation improvement is additionally significantly interlinked with the advancement of a proficient travel framework. Whitbread Chief Executive Alan Parker clarified that the accommodation business relies intensely upon the framework of air, street and rail joins, which transport customers to the inns. On the off chance that framework doesn't stay up with development, at that point business and the travel industry could float away from the UK to different markets on the landmass. Related to the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic games in excess of 11 billion pounds of speculation is set to stream into the capital among now and 2012, quite a bit of this subsidizing goes into a scope of different advancements for the recreation of East London, especially the vehicle framework. Availability is a significant viewpoint in the travel industry as the travel industry requires an excursion, likewise the view through the vehicle windscreen has additionally had critical ramifications for the idea of the visual look, empowering the materiality of the city or the scene to be unmistakably valued (Larsen, 2001) Hence the method of transportation is basic in making a proficient vacationer experience which without a doubt carries income into the nation. WTTC Chairman Geoffrey Kent remarked on the infrastructural plan and stated, the administration must put a drawn out framework plan with in any event a multi year skyline. The 2012 Olympic Games will give the stage, center and financ ial plan for this drawn out arrangement, which will drive the estimated visitor request. The Olympic Games isn't the main profoundly foreseen major game going to be held in London as it additionally plays host to mass occasions, for example, tennis at Wimbledon, cricket at Lords and the Oval, and rugby at Twickenham all speaking to pull factors that draw in the sightseers. Aside from brandishing exercises London is likewise overflowing with diversion, workmanship and music scenes prestigious for edge and inventiveness. The social assorted variety and real music spots, for example, the diverse Camden Town is only one of the many intriguing spots traveler visit and because of industrialism capitulate to promoting ploys that unavoidably benefits the citys economy. An article on Late Night London (2002) reports that 500,000 youngsters are evaluated to go clubbing in London on a Saturday night, the club scene again gains beneficially particularly as opposed to the United States the legitimate age to devour liquor in London is 18 and subsequently adolescents denied of such an involvement with America can appreciate in London. The travel industry has carried remarkable to the city of London as far as the economy and thus benefits the expectations for everyday comforts of Lodoners of which become progressively evident. In reference to the Mayors plan, the personal satisfaction of local people increment massively with both relaxation and business openings. With all the improvement of movement and industry that is fundamental in encouraging a productive visitor framework, looking back it likewise extraordinarily benefits local people, as acce

Comparison of the authors’ presentation of alienation and isolation in ‘One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest’ and ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ - Literature Essay Samples

The themes of alienation and isolation in ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ and ‘One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest’ are highly prominent, as the authors seek to portray the journey of an individual (or indeed group) that exists outside of mainstream society. In both novels we see the story told through the persona of an alienated first person narrator, a viewpoint that profoundly affects our comprehension and interpretation of the stories told, whether it be Bromden’s hallucinatory description of â€Å"the fog† and its effects or Holden’s quasi-reliable description of the events that lead to his being in a mental asylum. It is important to illustrate the subtle difference between alienation and isolation: Although the two terms are closely linked and often seen to be synonymous, I understand ‘alienation’ to be a more passive term; an alienated character has been alienated by the society around them. I understand isolation, howev er, to be a conscious – or at least intentional on some level – move by a character to exist outside of society. Society alienates a character, whereas a character isolates himself – naturally, there is some overlap between the two. Both of these phenomena are presented in, and are key to understanding ‘One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest’ and ‘The Catcher in the Rye’. There is no doubt that the narrators of both novels assert their individuality, and in doing so isolate themselves, through their idiosyncratic use of language and lack of adherence to narrative conventions. From the moment that we meet Holden, we see him using the slang (â€Å"lousy†, â€Å"all that kind of crap†) and standoffish direct address (â€Å"don’t even mention them to me†) that characterise his narration throughout the novel. Similarly, the opening line of the narrative of Bromden in ‘One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nestâ €™ is â€Å"they’re out there† a completely subjective and paranoid statement that instantly creates distance between him and the reader due to its seeming implausibility. Kesey also punctuates Bromden’s narrative with long and bizarre hallucinations, of manipulative machinery and robotics for example, which too initially create distance between himself and the reader. However, as the novels progress, we grow to accept the strange and somewhat difficult narrative, and it becomes personable and likeable. The language and narrative styles of the novel serve to force the reader to go through a journey regarding their proximity to the narrator: at first, we are alienated by their unconventionality, but as the novels develop we find ourselves very much on the side of the narrator. In my opinion, this journey of the alienation of the reader is of just as much importance as the alienation of the characters themselves. For Holden, isolation is a means of self-pro tection. In his interactions with other people – especially girls, such as Sally and Faith – he seems ill-at-ease and confused as to what he should say, trying forcibly to sound â€Å"suave as hell† and adult in place of actually making any connection with anyone he talks to. He isolates himself, therefore, both intentionally (his journey around New York City) and unintentionally (through his odd behaviour in an attempt to be adult) as a way of avoiding having to face the clear confusion and inner conflict that he possesses. This illustrates the irony of Holden’s character and actions; he isolates himself as a result of an unfulfilled desire to fit in with the society around him. His famous red hunting hat, for example, is a clear and intentional physical symbol of difference. His assertion – however jocular – that it is a â€Å"people-shooting hat† is suggestive of his explicit desire to stand out by wearing it, but his numerous men tions of Allie and Phoebe’s red hair suggest that he wears it simply as a subconscious attempt to fit in to his family. At the same time, Holden seems both proud and self-conscious of the hat (often not wearing it when meeting friends, or taking it off when it is commented on), a clear symbol of this conflict between isolation and fitting in. In many respects, Bromden (and indeed many of the minor characters such as Harding in ‘One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest’) uses isolation as a means of self-protection, much in the way that Holden does. Bromden’s pretence that he is deaf and dumb could, in some respects, be compared with Holden’s pretence of adulthood and maturity – both are used because the perpetrator believes that it is the only way to get by and fit in with a society that they do not fully understand. However, whilst Holden seems unaware of his use of isolation as a means of protection, Bromden does so intentionally. He belie ves that he is â€Å"cagey enough to fool† everyone else in the ward – and in doing so, makes himself less of a target than the other patients. Indeed, he only lets this guard down much later on for McMurphy, once he is certain of his trustworthiness. In this respect, Bromden’s self-imposed isolation is an effective tool – he avoids the vicious and destructive sessions of group therapy, through which â€Å"the Big Nurse† is able to maintain a stranglehold over the ward through psychological manipulation. However, this isolation alone is not enough for Bromden to regain his confidence and sanity – it requires a character like McMurphy to catalyse this process. The fog is the ideal symbol of Bromden’s isolation – it appears at emotional points in the story, and creates a veil – symbolic for the reader, but physical for Bromden – behind which he â€Å"feels safe†. Although he knows that the fog – his is olation – is wrong, â€Å"as bad as it is†, slipping back into it allows him to distance himself from the situation. Kesey therefore seems to suggest that although isolation is an effective shield, simply withdrawing from society is not enough in itself to bring about change. The active struggle, although often sisyphean, is portrayed as more heroic and effective than simple passive withdrawal; Bromden’s struggle against â€Å"the combine† is only really escaped by his breaking out of the institution, and McMurphy’s struggle, although not bringing him freedom, is enough to mentally liberate the other ‘inmates’ of the ward, from both mental imprisonment, and in Bromden’s case physical imprisonment too. Loss of identity is prominent in both novels, both as cause and effect of isolation and alienation, and both Bromden and Holden have a perception of identity that shifts greatly during the course of their respective stories. Kese y manifests Bromden’s changing identity, like much of his mental state, through physical symbolism in â€Å"One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest†. As a result of societal alienation in the form of the government’s destruction of his heritage and his subsequent institutionalisation, Bromden feels that he physically shrinks – despite being â€Å"six foot eight†, he sees McMurphy to be â€Å"twice the size† of him. As he is pushed out from the society he knows, he loses all sense of power and confidence, and sees his depression manifest itself physically. As with his ‘deafness’, it is only when he regains acceptance into society – albeit the counter-culture society embodied by McMurphy – that he returns to his normal size. We also see a reflection of this in the narrative itself, namely in that although Bromden is the narrator, he does not tell his own story, rather centring on McMurphy’s story, and including his own as almost subsidiary. The fact that Bromden is almost a passive eyewitness to his own life, focusing instead on McMurphy’s, illustrates the powerlessness and loss of identity that he feels as a result of alienation. Holden too suffers from loss of identity, or at least uncertainty. However, contrary to Bromden, for whom loss of identity is result of alienation, for Holden we see changing identity to be a root cause of his isolation. Much like Bromden, there is a duality in Holden’s identity. However, unlike Bromden, who clearly develops from one identity into the other (powerless to powerful), both sides of Holden’s identity seem to be ever-present, and in direct juxtaposition with one another. For Holden, this duality is between adult and child identity. It is this conflict in identity that is the foundation of the novel, and one of the reasons that it is considered the archetypal Bildungsroman in English literature. It is even alluded to in the tit le of the book – Holden misinterprets the lyrics of a folk song about a sexual affair to be â€Å"can a body, catch a body, comin’ through the rye† – an idea which then reoccurs as what Holden wants to be when he is older, a ‘catcher in the rye’ – someone who catches children before they fall off a cliff. The cliff can be seen to represent adulthood, and that Holden wants to ensure that children (himself included, perhaps) can remain young and innocent, without falling off the â€Å"cliff† of adulthood and responsibility. The fact that Holden derived this naive and innocent image from a song about sex is indicative of the duality in his identity – simultaneously, Holden wants to be immersed in the adult world, as represented by his constant emphasis on smoking and drinking, and desire to act ‘adult’. However, at the same time, he is clearly unsure and afraid of the adult world, as seen by his paying a prostit ute to just talk, as he did not feel comfortable with the idea of sex. It is, incidentally, interesting that both novels feature prostitutes as relatively important characters – Candy in ‘One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest’ and Sunny in ‘Catcher in the Rye’. As perhaps the most alienated and isolated group of people in society, the fact that the prostitutes in the novels are portrayed as the norm in comparison to the isolated characters illustrates the extent to which they (the members of the ward and Holden respectively) are socially estranged. This conflict between adult and child, and its resultant confusion, is present in almost all of Holden’s actions throughout the novel. His great interest in the museum, for example, could be seen to represent his desire to understand and compartmentalise the complexity of the world, as in a museum. It is ultimately this duality that leads both to Holden’s alienation and his isolation  œ he is alienated by both the adult world that he is too immature to take part in, and the childish innocent world that he is seen as too old for. As a result, we see him isolate himself not only from his family but also from himself, by becoming a parody of an adult, going through the motions of adulthood so as to avoid having to confront the complex duality that exists within his character. In many ways, this is the absolute antithesis to Bromden; the psychological problems that cause Bromden to isolate himself are manifested physically – in his changing size and perception of â€Å"the fog† and â€Å"the combine†. Conversely, Holden internalises his problems to the extent that he seems almost oblivious to them, only beginning to express them by childishly accusing everything and everyone but himself as â€Å"phony† – when ironically, it is Holden’s persona that seems to us the most fake. The hugely different backgrounds of the two isolate d characters – Holden and Bromden respectively – should be taken into account when comparing them. I believe that the backgrounds of both characters, although hugely different, are relevant in examining their alienation and isolation: Holden’s wealthy upper-middle class white background makes him seem like the perfect all-American aspirational figure, making his isolation and views on society all the more ironic. Holden has no obvious motive to feel distaste for American society or those within it – he is very much a part of the society that he sees as â€Å"phony†. His isolation is all the more striking considering his everyman status – he is not the ‘typical’ outsider by any means. In contradistinction, Bromden is a Native American, a fact which, although not seen as hugely important, I believe to be crucial to the portrayal of alienation and isolation in the novel. As a subjugated people, effectively driven out from their la nd and culture – a fact seen in the novel – Native Americans are an excellent symbol of the alienating effects of society. Furthermore, the connection of Native Americans to nature (a fact that is again seen in Bromden’s recollections of his youth) makes the alienation of the ward even more poignant as Bromden is alienated from his natural roots by the cold and artificial world of â€Å"the combine†, with its disturbing mechanical parts. The metaphor of a â€Å"combine† – a combine harvester machine – is a brilliant image of this; a combine being a mechanised device that cuts down and harvests the land’s products – representative both of the loss of the Native American people and the alienation of Bromden by an emotionless society. In conclusion, I believe that isolated and alienated characters are effectively used as a statement against mainstream society in ‘One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest’ and â₠¬ËœCatcher in the Rye’, as we see the alienating effects of society and the attempts of the protagonists to (unsuccessfully, in my opinion) counter them through isolation. Indeed, the link between the two concepts is often blurred, and we often see one causing the other – as Bromden says, â€Å"it wasn’t me that started acting deaf; it was people that first started acting like I was too dumb to hear†. However, it is Bromden’s journey of freedom from the alienating world of the ward that is more optimistic than Holden’s downward spiral of isolation and resultant alienation. This is not to say that the two books convey a greatly different message regarding the isolated individual; in both novels we see isolation as an ineffective tool against the inequalities and â€Å"phoniness† of society – it is through fighting the system of alienation that freedom is achieved by Bromden. The two books are, in my opinion, simply mirrors of e ach other – Bromden begins as a powerless mental patient, and is liberated through rebellion, whereas Holden begins by rebelling and, we discover at the end, is eventually institutionalised. Although Kesey and Salinger therefore would seem to disagree in their presentation of alienation and isolation on many fronts, they are, in my opinion, two sides of the same coin.

The Cinderell Life Lessons - 879 Words

Cinderella: Life Lessons Folklore has been around for centuries. The purpose of a folklore, tales, or fable is to pass history and life lessons from one generation to another. Many of the stories that are told today are from different backgrounds and countries from China all the way back to the Native Americans. The stories that children hear today are about good and evil, and that life is not always fair but good things will happen in the end. They teach people how to handle the difficult things in life by making good choices in life regardless of the situation. The fairy tale Cinderella tells about death and despair, how to get through bad times, how to treat people, to be grateful for what you have, and that comfort and friendship can†¦show more content†¦The way she viewed life was very different from how she was treated. She carried herself with â€Å"rare goodness and sweetness of temper, which she took from her mother† (Perrault, 236). â€Å"What goes around comes around, do good and good will come to you† As stated in the previous paragraph, Cinderella was treated unfairly, but displays a positive attitude with everything she does. She stood out from the rest of the women to the prince because her attitude was above anything evil and unpleasant. She carried herself with poise and grace even though she wore rags. Material things were not important to her. She valued the little things in life. Cinderella even treated her sisters with civility giving them the best advice. Because she carried herself in this matter, help came to her in different forms and when she needed it the most. Her attitude brought her good in return. In Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm’s version of Cinderella, pigeons and turtle doves came to help her with chores and favored her so much that they made sure that the prince picked the right bride. In Walt Disney’s version, mice helped her with chores and the fairy godmother helped he r get to the ball. In the Native American version, the prince’s sister helped her. In Anne Sexton’s version, a white dove helped her. In every version of the story, she received help with getting to the ball. She was described as the most beautiful person anyone has ever seen. The quotes â€Å"what goes around comes around† and â€Å"you reap

Does bullying affect high school aged students - 800 Words

Does bullying affect high school aged students? The purpose of this research is to developed to see if high school students are affected by bullying and cyberbullying in school. This is a nation wide problem that is affected by all cultures. Overall half of all high school students say the have been bullied in the past, with nearly as many saying they have been victims of bullying in high schools. This is a problem for a lot of kids all over the world and many kids are having a high depression which refers to of kids are saying that many high school victims live in tension ,, higher rates of drop out, low self-esteem, anger , greater illness incidences, and attain lower grades compared to those who are not being bullied. All of these†¦show more content†¦Depression refers to a mental disorder which makes individuals to have loss of pleasure or interest, low energy, disturbed appetite or sleep, poor concentration, feelings of low self-worth or guilt. Students who are bul lied are likely to develop such complications and their school performance is automatically affected in a negative way (Faye, et al, 2010, p.364). This is because the students have no peace of mind and are unable to concentrate in their studies as required. They develop low interest in activities including their studies and therefore their performance deteriorates. Secondly, â€Å"anger has been found out to be a short term effect of bullying. Anger refers to strong belligerence, hostility or displeasure feeling usually provoked when one has been wronged,† (Limber, Nation, 2008). Bullied students often develop strong anger feeling due to the unworthy mistreatments they receive from their fellow students. This affects their studies negatively because they do not have humble study times. They use most of their time thinking of how they may overcome the mistreatment given to them and end up realizing that they do not have enough study time. 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Bullies themselves also begin to harassRead MoreA Focus On Learning Disabilities Essay798 Words   |  4 Pagesdisability† and â€Å"survey† and inclusion criteria of peer-reviewed articles that were published between the years 2006-2016. Four Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles â€Å"Post School Goals and Transition Services for Students with Learning Disabilities† (Alfred Daviso, Stephen Denny, Robert Baer, and Robert Flexer published, 2011) determined that students with disabilities have higher demands for employment with postsecondary education, that there is a correlation between the level of involvement in vocational education

A Tale of Two Cities Analytical Paper free essay sample

Her malice is very evident when speaking of her opinion that â€Å"extermination is a good doctrine† and Dr. Manette who is â€Å"not the face of a true friend of the Republic† should be executed (311). Her strength and ruthlessness is a result of her detestation of French aristocracy and those seemingly against the republic due to her need for vengeance. In addition to this, Dickens’ representation of Madame Defarge’s unmatched bravery is because â€Å"not a voice, or a hand, or an eye was raised Among the men, not one† whereas she â€Å"who stood knitting looked up steadily† at the Marquis (100). This marks the importance of Madame Defarge in the novel because she is the epitome of fearlessness even stronger than that of a man. Furthermore, when Lucie remarks that â€Å"[they] are more afraid of [Madame Defarge] than these others† she took it as a compliment (244). This exemplifies even more that she is sinister and is practically taking the fear as a sign of admiration. We will write a custom essay sample on A Tale of Two Cities Analytical Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Her overall strong and defiant character contributes to the novel’s significance. Miss Pross, who is the loyal companion as well as another enduring female role in A Tale of Two Cities, enhances the novel because she embodies the ability to risk everything for what she believes in. During the fight between Miss Pross and Madame Defarge, Miss Pross in order to defend Lucie â€Å"with the vigorous tenacity of love, always much stronger than hate† grabbed Madame Defarge and â€Å"even lifted her from the floor in the struggle that they had† (338). This shows that even though Miss Pross was never married and isn’t the ideal beautiful woman, she is the most admirable and her compassion and love, which is no match for Defarge’s pure hatred, is transcribed into bravery. Not to mention â€Å"beneath the surface of her eccentricity, one of those unselfish creatures† which are â€Å"found only among women† and choose to â€Å"bind themselves willing slaves†¦for pure love and admiration† (87). Miss Pross has the strength to raise someone else’s child without complaint and nurture her as her own; her actions of bravery solely out of love. Lucie Manette, who fits the mother archetype, enhances the novel due to her bravery and strength in contrast to her beauty and femininity. Upon Lucie’s father’s release from prison, she urges â€Å"to leave [them] here† because of â€Å"how composed he has become† and that they cannot â€Å"be afraid to leave him with [her] now† (Dickens 42). Although she has just met her father and knows little to nothing about his mental health, she wants to be with him and she is willing to take a chance which reaffirms her caring yet courageous demeanor. Her next big act of valor was when she stood up to Madame Defarge and begged â€Å"to have pity on [her] and not exercise power that [Defarge] possesses against [her] innocent husband† and implores â€Å"think of [her]†¦As a wife and mother† (245). The love that Lucie has for her family along with the dauntlessness she possesses compelled her to confront her fear of Madame Defarge. The strength and heroism of the mother†, feminine Lucie Manette, ultimately sends a powerful message and enhances the overall story. The purpose of these evident archetypes found within the primary female characters within A Tale of Two Cities is for Dickens to communicate certain commentary on the status of women thus intensifying the novel as a whole. He renders Lucie Manette (the mother), Miss Pross (the companion), and Madame Defarge (quiet and cunning monster) as strong characters in a variety different ways.

Research Paper on Lionel Messi Essay Example

Research Paper on Lionel Messi Essay Lionel Andres Messi is an Argentine footballer, a player for Spanish FC Barcelona since 2003. With the Barcelona, Messi became the Spanish champion five times, won the Super Cup, three times was the winner of the Champions League (2006, 2009, 2011), and twice – UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup winner (2009, 2011). In the national team of Argentina, Lionel is a winner and the best player of the world junior championship in 2005, in addition, he became the Olympic champion in 2008. Messi repeatedly became the top scorer in Spain (2010) and Champions League (2009-2011), in 2012 he became the most productive hitter in the history of Barcelona. Winner of numerous football awards, including two Golden Goals Cup ( 2010, 2011 ), Golden Ball (2009), Diamond Ball (2009), award to the best international striker version FIFPro (2007-2010). Lionel Messi was born 24 June, 1987 in Rosario the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. His father, a descendant of immigrants from Italy, was a factory worker, mother was a cleaner. In the age of five, Messi played in the local team Grandoli, coached by his father. In 1995, Messi began to play for Newell’s Old Boys – the second club in Rosario, in which Diego Maradona was playing a year before. When 11-years-old, Messi was diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency. This disorder required expensive treatment that neither the parents nor already manifested interest in young player Argentine first division club River Plate could afford. The Messi family then moved to Catalonia, where their families lived, and the young player had the opportunity to showcase his talent to the coaches of the Barcelona. Successfully passing the test, Messi signed his first contract with the Catalan club, who took over the payment for Messi’s treatment. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Lionel Messi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Lionel Messi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Lionel Messi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In November 2003, Messi played his first match for the Barcelona against the Portuguese football club Porto, and in October 2004, he made his debut in the championship of Spain during a meeting with Espanyol and became the youngest player in the history of the championship. In May 2005, 17-year-old Messi scored his first adult goal for the Barcelona in a match with the Spanish Albacete. In June of the same year, he won the World Youth Championship in the Netherlands as a part of the Argentina national team, scoring both goals from the penalty spot in the final match against Nigeria (2-1). In total, Messi scored six goals and was the top scorer of the tournament. In August 2005, he first appeared on the football field as a part of the national team of Argentina in a friendly match against Hungary. To find out more about the topic, you can use free example research papers on Lionel Messi. ATTENTION! Free research paper samples and examples about Lionel Messi are 100% plagiarized!!! At EssayLib.com custom writing service you can buy a custom research paper on Lionel Messi topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all paper details: Enjoy our professional research paper writing service!

Fuel Hedging a Strategy for Air Carriers to Combat Fuel Hike Essays

Fuel Hedging a Strategy for Air Carriers to Combat Fuel Hike Essays Fuel Hedging a Strategy for Air Carriers to Combat Fuel Hike Essay Fuel Hedging a Strategy for Air Carriers to Combat Fuel Hike Essay Fuel Hedging A Strategy for Air Carriers to Combat Fuel Hike Index Jet Fuel – The Nemesis of Airlines In the year 2008, the growth of global aviation industry received a major bolt from the fear of global economic slowdown and the rise in crude oil prices. Though the global economic uncertainties impacted the business of airlines, but the steep surge in crude prices has changed the financial equations of the airline across the world, with India being no exception. In fact over the previous ten months crude prices have increased over 80 percent, from nearly $80 per barrel in October, 2007 to $147 per barrel in June, 2008. A similar increase was seen in the case of Arabian Gulf Jet prices. As per the figures released by IATA (International Air Transport Association), fig. 1, the price of Jet Fuel, as on 1st Aug’07, has increased by 314. 5% since 2000, and almost 70% since August last year. IATA has forecast the loss in aviation sector to be nearly USD 2. 3 billion (more than 9500 crores) in 2008. |1-Aug-08 | Fig. 1 Aviation Turbine Fuel more popularly known as ATF or Jet Fuel, continues to be the single largest cost factor for airlines constituting nearly 40 per cent of the total operating costs. Hence as ATF prices start to increase, airlines typically respond by raising fuel surcharges. Only Rs. 225 of the surcharge is payable to AAI (Airports Authority of India); the balance goes to the airlines. In the past six months alone, fuel surcharge has increased from nearly Rs 950 to Rs 2,350. That’s nearly an increase of 150%. Considering a basic fare of Rs 1,000(say) and other charges being constant, cost of flying has nearly doubled. : That is deterring the low and middle income group travelers who were beginning to switch to air travel mode from traveling by railways. The rise in crude prices is hurting both high end carriers and low cost carriers as the decline in the number of passengers has affected the load factor. The load factor for Indian carriers has come down during June-July period. Further increase in ticket prices, which is inevitable if the fuel prices rise further, can devastate the future plans of airlines. Reasons for Rise in Fuel Prices Demand Outstrips Supply According to the experts, the demand for crude oil is directly related to the world GDP growth. During the last few years, the developing countries like India and China have seen tremendous growth, and hence accelerated the demand for crude oil. Though the developed countries have also seen growth, but the increase in the buying power of people is higher in developing countries. Although the demand has surged but the supply side has not seen much change. The oil reserves are more or less same and producing same amount of oil. This mismatch in demand and supply has been the most prominent factor behind the crude prices rally. OPEC Control The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an organization of eleven developing countries that are the major exporter of crude oil across the globe. OPEC controls almost 40% of the world’s crude oil. It accounts for almost 75% of the world proven oil reserves. OPEC yields power to disturb the supply-demand equation by squeezing the supply side, and it has even been observed in the past that OPEC countries have reduced the supply of oil to increase the prices. Speculative Buying and Selling A lot has been debated over the trading of oil futures in the commodity exchanges around the world. The OPEC countries, to shift the blame, criticize that speculation causes the prices of commodities like fuel to rise beyond expectation. Cartelization and hoarding of oil are said to be responsible for such irrational increase in the crude prices. Possible Measures The factors that control the prices of crude oil are all external to aviation industry. The airlines can’t just wait and watch their profits dwindling. They need to pull out some strategy to safeguard itself against the nemesis. Globally the strategists in aviation are evaluating two options: Alternate Fuel – With the surge in fuel prices, the demand for an alternate fuel is all time high. Airlines and aero plane manufactures like Boeing and Airbus are spending millions on the research of technologies and alternatives to jet fuel. Recently Virgin Atlantic’s Richard Branson has allocated 3 Billion dollars to Virgin Green Fund to be spent on alternative fuel and solar technologies over the next decade. In the recent past several test flights have been made using the alternatives like bio fuel. Virgin Atlantic flew an experimental flight on a Boeing 747 using a blend babassu palm oil and coconut oil. The thrust is on the research of fuel which is environmentally safe and can be produced without putting stress on arable land. The aircraft manufactures are promoting research on fuel which can be drop-in replacement which should not require change in air frame, air engine as very expensive investment would be required then. Fuel Hedging Fuel hedging is the practice, often employed by airline companies, of making advance purchases of fuel at a fixed price for future delivery to protect against the shock of anticipated rises in price. Fuel hedging is a risk mitigating strategy. It doesn’t add to the profits but protects against any future losses due to rise in fuel prices beyond the expectations. Hedging is a popular tool used by the airlines globally to insure themselves during the fuel crisis situations. Fuel hedging is done in the commodities market either directly using the ATF/Jet Fuel futures or by surrogate means using crude oil futures or heating oil futures due to a very high degree of correlation between the prices of ATF and crude/heating oil. Since fuel has become the major component of expenses of airlines, many airlines like Lufthansa have created a separate department to devise strategies on oil. It has been observed that the strategies of such airlines have been predominated by fuel hedging. Hedging- A Lone Rescuer With relentless oil price fluctuations, and uncertainty of the results of bio fuel, the only answer for Indian Airline companies is to take a leaf out of the book of their global counterparts and incorporate a sustained hedging programme to maintain fuel cost as a percentage of total expenditure. Fuel Hedging and Global Carriers Fuel hedging is best exemplified by Southwest Airlines, a low cost American carrier, whose hedging against rising fuel costs has helped the discount carrier soar high above its competitors. Southwest treasurer Scott Topping mentioned in an interview that with their hedging advantage, they have enjoyed more flexibility in managing revenues. Southwest locked in oil at $51 a barrel prior to crudes yearlong run-up in the year 2007. For the first nine months of 07, the Dallas-based carrier realized gains of $427 million. Those hedging profits, a result of a shrewd call by Southwest CEO Gary Kelly, have kept costs down. To have a better understanding of the standing of airlines in term of hedging, let’s look at the Air Fuel Expense and hedging Summary for major airlines of US for the year 2003-04. Fig. 3 summarizes the fuel expense and hedging strategies for the 13 US airlines included in this analysis. [pic] Fig. 3 It can be seen in the figure the low cost carriers like Southwest and JetBlue are the major hedging airlines. Because of its hedging strategy, Southwest Airlines is termed as a hedging firm instead of an airline. However, the financial results of these airlines show that hedging has helped them to sail across in trouble water. Further, In addition to the obvious importance of controlling such a significant operating expense for an airline, numerous academic studies have demonstrated that measurable fuel hedging can increase the value of the firm. While there are a number of factors that influence an airlines valuation, the valuations of the airlines (as measured by the firm’s price to revenue ratio) do have a positive correlation coefficient with the airlines level of fuel hedging, as shown in Fig. 4. Price/revenue ratio is presented rather than price to earnings because many of the airlines have negative earnings. [pic]LUV – Southwest, JBLU- JetBlue, AMR- American, AAI – Airtran Holdings, FRNT – Frontier, MEH – Midwest Air, NWAC – Northwest, CAL – Continental, DAL – Delta, UALAQ- United, ATAH – ATA, UAIR – US Airways Fig. 4 Fig. 4 clearly shows that Southwest Airlines, and JetBlue, the airlines which hedge most, are valued proportionately higher than other airlines. The confidence of investors is higher in these airlines because their hedging strategies cover them against any fluctuation in fuel prices. Hedging is not only common among US carriers, the European carriers like Lufthansa and Air France-KLM have also shielded themselves from fuel fluctuations by locking into fuel hedging. Lufthansa hedge almost 85% of its fuel consumption and has increased its operating profit by 63% for fiscal year 2007-08. Airlines from Asia Pacific region such as Malaysian Airlines and Singapore Airlines have also used hedging during the fuel fluctuation. Fuel Hedging and Indian Carriers While aviation firms around the world have taken to hedging to insulate themselves from the high oil prices, Indian carriers have generally shied away from it. In 2007 when the government allowed hedging, Air India was the first airline in the county to hedge but soon backed out after it saw losses. Air India did hedging of 10% of its fuel consumption on NYMEX. A senior Air India executive told that the airline initially made money through hedging. But after a round of losses when oil came below the hedged prices, it discontinued the practice as no one wanted to take the risk. Unfortunately, such past experiences are still discouraging airlines from adopting a hedging strategy. Hedging is also considered to be a specialist domain which has resulted in some airlines staying away from it. A Raghunathan, CFO, Kingfisher Airlines, in his interview to DNA Money said, Because it was not allowed in India earlier, the expertise required for it is not available. However, airlines are waking up to the profits of hedging. â€Å"Hedging has not been traditionally done in India. In hindsight, it sounds wise today to have done that,† GoAir spokesperson Neeraj Kapoor quoted in a DNA Money. The company is evaluating the process of hedging. Fuel hedging is only allowed in India in 2007 by RBI. Earlier if an airline wanted to mitigate the risk of fuel prices; it could only hedge in foreign markets. This has also discouraged carriers as trading in foreign markets expose them to the problem of currency fluctuation. It’s like evading one problem to accept other. As an effect of RBI orders, MCX (Multi-Commodity Exchange of India Limited) has introduced ATF futures and crude oil futures. Fuel Hedging – Available Hedging Options in India ATF Futures Airlines in India can do hedging in both domestic and international markets. MCX has been given nod by the Forward Market Commission, the commodity markets regulator, in April to offer ATF futures. ATF futures are now available in futures market for trading. Appendix 1 details the different ATF futures contracts available for trading on MCX. Appendix 2 shows the month wise turnover for ATF futures as compared to other commodities futures on MCX. Since the trading of ATF futures has only started in July, figures are only available for the month of July. ATF futures can also be traded on JPTC. Airlines are a little suspicious of the hedging of ATF futures because the volume available for hedging is small and lack of availability of past trends. Crude Oil Futures ATF is only traded on only two commodity exchanges around the world – MCX and JPTC. So, airlines around the world, especially American and European carriers use surrogate hedging which basically means use of alternate commodity which has a high degree of price correlation with the original commodity. In the case of ATF, Crude oil and heating oil are the alternatives for ATF. As can be seen the figure below, there is a high degree of correlation between the price of Brent crude oil and Jet fuel. In the surrogate trading the actual transfer of commodity doesn’t take place. If the prices go up then profit earned in futures market can be used to buy Jet fuel in the spot market. [pic] Same holds true for heating oil (refer figure below) which is the main commodity of hedging by the airlines. In the US primarily airlines prefer heating oil for hedging. The number of contracts purchased depends on the correlation between the prices of the commodities. pic] Preferred Option in India – Brent Crude Oil Hedging For the quarter ending June’08, ATF futures were not available for trading. First future contract on MCX has expiry of July’08. So, Brent Crude oil (BRCRUDEOIL) futures traded over MCX are preferred to construct the model. Moreover, the ATF futures contracts volume is low which is deterring investors from investing. It has also be en noticed that ATF futures are 6 months contracts while the Brent Crude oil contracts are 3 months contract, so in the scenario like present days the short duration derivatives are preferred. In addition, the movement of the prices of both commodities is similar (refer Appendix 3). Hedging for Jet Airways Jet Airways along with Jet Lite is the largest carrier in India. It has the fleet of more than 100 aircrafts used for both domestic and international operations. For the two consecutive years, it has generated significant operating profit, but for the quarter ending June’08, it suffered an operational loss of Rs. 3950 millions (refer Appendix 4). The Fuel expenses, which used to constitute 25-30% of total expenses, were Rs. 3040 millions; approximately 40% of Jet Airways’ total expenses (refer Appendix 4) because of soaring Jet fuel prices. Jet Airways had hedged once on foreign bourses when fuel hedging was not allowed in India. However, due to the impact of currency fluctuation on the returns from hedging, the experience wasn’t satisfactory. Based on this experience, it didn’t opt for hedging during the recent times. But, according to Jet Ai rways’ Saroj Dutta, Jet Airways is now contemplating to enter into hedging and is evaluating various options. It would be prudent to use Jet Airways example to understand the intricacies of Fuel hedging. The analysis of the quarterly results, for the quarter ending June’08, shows that the operating losses that Jet Airways incur were almost 30% of the total fuel expenses. If we assume that the quantity of fuel required for the entire quarter was constant, then the 30% reduction in fuel expenses can flatten the operating losses to zero. Let’s use hedging to analyze the scenario. The prices of crude oil have seen unexpected surge in the first of quarter of the year2008-09, so the importance of hedging can be best demonstrated for the data pertaining to this quarter. Since surrogate hedging is done, Jet Airways will take only position, and will not take actual delivery of the Brent Crude. The futures contracts available on MCX have a period of 3 months. To hedge for the month of April, the airline can start hedging in Jan. It is assumed Recommendations The analysis of the contemporary position of airlines with respect to surge in fuel prices suggests fuel hedging is the call of the situation and air carriers should start evaluating it as a potential strategy against the fuel spikes. Hedging can help airlines generate stable cash flows. In an uncertain environment hedging airlines are able to predict future cash flows and earnings and make investment during the high stages of the price cycle; such a strategy is valued higher by the investors. Secondly, hedging allows airlines to take advantage of investment opportunities in times of high commodity prices. It is more likely that airlines will go bankrupt when fuel prices are very high, and in such cases they are often forced to sell planes and other assets at substantially below-market prices. Airlines that are hedged against higher prices will have more resources available to invest and are therefore the only ones able to purchase these discounted assets, thus strengthening their competitive position and growing value. Hedging is not believed to be a long term solution to the fear of fuel hike. It flattens the spikes for a small duration. The airlines should really start looking for alternate fuel for sustainability in the future. A few millions spend now on technology upgradation and on research of alternatives can earn billions for the industry in the future. The aircraft manufactures should be encouraged to innovate to decrease the dependency on the nemesis. Airlines also need to evaluate other options to reduce the expenses. The complete operational model should be reviewed to take care of different scenarios. Airlines should look for lighter aircrafts as the fuel consumption is directly proportional to the weight of an aircraft. Other methods like revision of wage structure, scrutinization of non-profitable routes and optimum utilization of aircrafts should be incorporated by carriers. Hedging, however, comes with a word of precaution. Airlines in the wake of saving themselves from future crisis after seeing the sudden surge of crude in the recent past, should not indulge themselves in over-hedging, hedging more than expected to be consumed. Fuel hedging can also result in losses if the prediction goes wrong and prices come down. If, for example, an airline forecasts that it will burn 100,000 gallons of jet fuel in a given month, hedges 100% of this usage, and then uses only 80,000 gallons, it calls into question the company’s ability to hedge. Therefore, it should be a common practice for firms to hedge up to the level they are certain to use, and remain unhedged for any additional consumption. Airlines should always devise a strategy by understanding the recent trends how much short and how much long it should go. Hedging with an Example Over hedging should be avoided Other alternatives should be analyzed at regular interval Other startegies like reduction in the weight of an aircraft Wage structure should be revised Portfolio should be preapred for hedging pic] Source: www. iata. org Fig. 2 What is more disturbing to the airlines than the rise in fuel prices is the drop in Consumer Confidence Index as can be seen in, Fig. 2 which is released IATA in financial forecast statement, June’08. The figure is depiction of Confidence Index of US consumers. The 2. 5x rise in fuel prices from 2003 to 2007 was survived by the industry because during that same period consumer confidence rose, the world economy experienced exce ptionally strong growth, and airline revenues boomed.

Personal statement for Appllication to Master of Financial engineering

For Appllication to Master of Financial engineering - Personal Statement Example For the first time, I realized that certain patterns can be discovered in something which is apparently random. This was a revelation to me and it ignited my interest in Analytical Math. I became an avid reader of books on Number Psychology, Odds Formation and Investment Strategy. I tremendously enjoyed using Analytical Math to predict game outcomes. I even formulated my personal odds model and way of analysis. In fact, I can often accurately predict the bookmaker William Hill’s odds of success! The more I delved into the subject, the more I fell in love with numbers! After graduating from High School, I visited an uncle who works in a large investment firm in China. During my time with him, I perceived that mathematical analysis is not just the perfect prediction tool for fun games – it is also a practical instrument in the world of business. Statistical analysis is the most reliable means of accurately predicting organizational performance. The commercial applications of mathematical analysis again impressed me as I observed my father’s work as the Manager of an export/import company. It was wonderful to know that Mathematics, the love of my life, is also one of the most powerful tools in commerce! I began to see the outlines of my future career and the path to its realization. My parents, both of whom hold graduate degrees, are living examples of the life-changing empowerment of strong academic qualifications. They show me that any successful career needs to be firmly founded on impeccable academic credentials. My mother is the Dean at the College of Education at Shenyang Normal University. I believe that it is of crucial importance to find well-qualified mentors to serve as guides on an educational voyage. As the first step in my own journey, I chose to do my Bachelor of Science in Applied Mathematics at Georgia Tech. During the past four years, I

What Role Should the Government play in economic life Essay

What Role Should the Government play in economic life - Essay Example ent centuries, such as Karl Marx, have questioned the right of private property, and have called for an active part in controlling the generation and distribution of wealth. The marketplace and the government meet head-on in the division of authority in the creation and distribution of goods, services, and wealth. All economists, except the most conservative capitalists, believe that the government has some role in constructing and guiding the economy. The role of the government in economics is to assure that the economy of the country is able to express its culture and societal will. Taxation is one of the primary policy functions that a government can use to stimulate or discourage economic activity. Indeed, governments require taxation to provide the necessary funding for needed projects. Ideally, it is hoped that taxation would be fair and all citizens would bear an equal tax burden based on their abilities and needs. However, capitalism has been able to develop concentrated wealth and this unbridled economic freedom has the possibility to create the perception of a shortage of resources. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were characterized by food riots as production increased the supply, markets agitated a sense of shortage, and the threat of unfair taxes interjected a sense fear into the system. The governments role in economics is to assure the fair implementation of tax laws and eradicate the fear of taxes. According to Rothschild, "Commerce will flourish only in a state with a regular administration of justice" (14). The governments role in taxati on is to sustain a high degree of confidence in the application of the existing tax laws. The governments role in economics, in regards to taxes, is the generation of confidence in justice and not directing society through tax encouragements. Governments often assume the role of directing a societys culture through a series of punitive taxes or rewarding credits. Taxes are often levied against a product,

The Dark Knight of a Postmodern World Essay Example for Free

The Dark Knight of a Postmodern World Essay â€Å"The Dark Knight† is a film based on DC comic book character Batman and his fight to protect his home, Gotham City, from the antagonist, the Joker. Director Chris Nolan provides the viewer with not only an action film, but also a thought-provoking masterpiece. The film focuses on the thin line between sanity (Batman) and madness (Joker) and how anyone can easily turn from good to evil, the example being Harvey Dent becoming Two-Face in such a short time. The film deconstructs previous ideas of the â€Å"hero† by portraying Batman not as a hero, but as an â€Å"anti-hero†. He appears to be the hero, but possesses no superpowers and also causes mayhem in his city, much like a villain would. The Joker represents postmodernism because he threatens our â€Å"givens† (Instead of soldiers who are allowed to die, threaten the mayor and hospitals). He makes people question everything, creating chaos. The Joker also represents post-modern beliefs because he challenges our idea of the conventional villain, who is supposed to represent pure evil, by comparing himself to the hero, Batman, using such examples as how they are both freaks to society and how they were both created by one bad day. The most important instance of post-modern values is the Jokers entire character. He believes the average man lives with a bloated sense of humanity’s importance and a frail and useless notion of order and sanity. He sees human existence as mad, random, and pointless and the world as a psychotic carnival of animals that will kill each other at the first chance; â€Å"When the chips are down, these uh, these civilized people, theyll eat each other. Although his beliefs on others are post-modern, his attitude toward himself seems very naturalist-like. In one scene he explains â€Å"You know what I am? Im a dog chasing cars. I wouldnt know what to do with one if I caught it! You know†¦I just do things†¦Im not a schemer. I try to show the schemers how pathetic their attempts to control things really are. † This shows how the Joker just forgoes all planning and thinking and just does what feels right. Another belief the Joker has that I believe represents post-mod ernism is that chaos is fair. This quote challenges our pre-conceived notion that order and civility is fair by presenting a good case for his side throughout the movie. The movie itself confuses the viewer by making the Joker (the villain) the only person who logically acted from a clear set of principles, while Batman and Harvey Dent came off as characters without a clear sense of what their principled core might be. Batman, on the other hand, challenges our idea of what a â€Å"hero† is. Although he is the good side to the Jokers bad side, he is not a hero but an anti-hero. Batman is the â€Å"hero† Gotham needs (â€Å"I can do those things because Im not a hero, not like Dent. I killed those people. Thats what I can be Youll hunt me. Youll condemn me, set the dogs on me, because thats what needs to happen. ), but not deserves, so he is cast out, which is the opposite of what happens to guys like Superman or Spiderman, but Batman, unlike conventional heroes, can BE the outcast because it’s a necessary part of society. The irony in Batman being cast out is that it is exactly how the Joker is treated. Another similarity between the two is that they both create chaos in the city, although for Batman it is necessary for the greater good and the Joker believes living in a world of chaos is a good thing. The similarities between the Joker and Batman intrigued audiences, which may have been what made the film so popular. It presented a loved â€Å"hero† like Batman, and focused on the darker side of him, mainly the fact that he is a vigilante, an ordinary citizen who works outside the legal system for a greater cause. The Dark Knight† created its own niche in American cinema by deconstructing our idea of a hero and making us think about our own grip on sanity as individuals and as a society. Heath Ledger’s death didn’t hurt the movie’s popularity either, of course, he played that role perfectly, and so the fame is well-deserved. I personally am a huge Batman/ Joker fan, and â€Å"The Dark Knight† made me rethink Batman as a character and look at the characters involved closer and differently to find out what they truly represent.

Latinos, Politics, and American Cinema Essay -- Movies Films

Latinos, Politics, and American Cinema Feature films in the United States influence American viewers' attitudes on a wide variety of topics. Americans attitudes toward politics are shaped by films, and specifically the politics of racial interaction. The history of modern feature films begins with Birth of a Nation (1915), a film that misrepresents the Black race by justifying the existence and role of the Ku Klux Klan in American society. From this racist precedent, producers and directors understood that visual messages, however latent, were a useful means of communicating a political message to a large audience. After this epiphany, a myriad of films were made for different political causes. Most films had multiple messages, and among them were conservative themes against the Hispanic race. A prime example of a filmmaker who had numerous ideas as to the problems and solutions of race issues in America was Orson Welles. His Touch of Evil (1958) represents many other films in that epoch that had different presentations of race issues. The film utilizes imagery that provokes viewers' ideas of race politics; viewers' attitudes are challenged in many scenes. The reason for this political and racial wavering spawns from the fact that Welles' race politics were not clearly defined. In fact other films, similar to the contradictory nature of Touch of Evil, presented multiple themes precisely because the filmmakers' racial attitudes were blurred. The clearly distinguishable dichotomies of racism were not present, giving way to shades of gray. Richard Stam argues that the study of racial issues in film has been bombarded by critics who reject certain films on the basis of misrepresentation. That is to say that stereotypes, sh... ...omplish political goals. The liberal politics of Latino cinema endure to this day, in the land of Aztlan and throughout the United States. Carringer, Robert L.1976. "Rosebud, Dead or Alive: Narrative and Symbiolic Structure in Citizen Kane," PMLA 91, no.2. Fregoso, Rosa Linda. "Chicana Film Practices: Confronting the 'Many-Headed Demon of Oppression.'" New York, NY: University of Minnesota Press. Gutierrez-Jones, Carl. "Legislating Languages:The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez and the English Language Amendment." New York, NY: University of Minnesota Press. Limon, Jose E. 1973. "Stereotyping and Chicano Resistance An Historical Dimension." New York, NY: University of Minnesota Press. Shohat, Ella. Year. "Ethnicities-in-Relation: Toward a Multicultural Reading of American Cinema." City, State: Publisher. Stam,Richard. Year.Unspeakable Images. City, State: Publisher.

The Goose Fish

In the first stanza, two lovers and their actions are visualized and beautified. For example, the speaker describes thrill and romance of their love by using poetic expressions such as â€Å"For them by the swift tide of blood/That silently they took at flood,/And for a little time they prized/Themselves impressed. â€Å". Then, In the second stanza, There is a turn with the appearance of a goose fish (â€Å"The goose fish turning up, though dead/His hugely grinning head†). At the same time, air of the poem changes. (â€Å"Then, as if shaken by stage-fright†) The goose fish and its tenderness strongly contrast with sweet atmosphere two lovers created before.As the author of the textbook says, Their sudden discovery of the fish, a rude shock, Injects a grotesque, almost macabre, not Into the poem. The goose fish plays a key role In revealing and symbolizing the couple's love. After sudden appearance of the goose fish, the narrator portrays how two lovers respond to it. They are â€Å"Embarrassed in each other's sight†¦ As though the world had found them out† From these lines, It is inferred that the couple, so passionate and eager that they feel ‘impressed' to e together, is having illicit, secret relationship.Although they feel a sense of guilt for a moment, they think about its meaning and decide to take the fish as an emblem of their love. (â€Å"He might mean failure or success. /But took it for an emblem of/ Their sudden, new and guilty love/To be observed by, when they kissed/That rigid optimist. â€Å"). Just like relationship of the couple, the goose fish stands for ambiguity. Their affair Is Illicit, so they feel embarrassment, guilt, and shame. But at the same time, It makes them feel pleasure, whether It's sexual or emotional. Similarly, the fish's presence doesn't give clear meaning to them.It's rather mysterious. (It was a wide and moony grin/Together peaceful and obscene:/They knew not what he would express†¦ He might mean failure or success). It could be a friend, a comedian, an optimist, an emblem, or a patriarch. The moon' also makes frequent appearances and gives a sort of consistency. In the first stanza, the moon creates a romantic atmosphere, in which main focus is two lovers. (On the long shore, lit by the moon/To show them properly alone. ) In the second stanza, the moon also sheds light on the goose fish, giving strong impact to the scene. Beneath the moon's bony light†¦ The goose fish turning up, though deadheads hugely grinning head. ) Also, according to the text book, the moon makes indirect appearance in the third stanza, too. (The moon's light comes to seem fragile – â€Å"china† – as It exposes the fish directly; the moon's role as lookout and protector seems abandoned, or at least endangered. And In the last stanza, the moon went down to disappear', marking the end of the poem. The Goose Fish By emergency than what it is in real life. ‘T he goose Fish' is a fairly typical case of the kind.Using visual images and strong contrast, the speaker articulates his interpretations. In following paragraphs three points, how the narrator used irony and strong contrast, what the goose fish means and represents, and how the moon involves in the poem, they took at flooding for a little time they prized/Themselves impressed. â€Å". Then, injects a grotesque, almost macabre, not into the poem. The goose fish plays a key role in revealing and symbolizing the couple's love. After sudden appearance of the Their affair is illicit, so they feel embarrassment, guilt, and shame.But at the same mime, It makes them feel pleasure, whether it's sexual or emotional. Similarly, the fish's presence doesn't give clear meaning to them. It's rather mysterious. (It was a wide and moony grin/Together peaceful and obscene;/They knew not what he would optimist, an emblem, or a patriarch. ‘The moon' also makes frequent appearances goose fish tur ning up, though dead,/His hugely grinning head. ) Also, according to the light comes to seem fragile – â€Å"china† – as it exposes the fish directly; the moon's role as lookout and protector seems abandoned, or at least endangered. ). And in the last

The Global Tourism Hospitality Industry - 1224 Words

I. Introduction to the global tourism hospitality industry 1. Introduction In the dramatically changing society, hospitality has become a fast-growing and profitable industry which has apparently become very attractive to the investors. At the completion is rising, the key to become successful in this business is concentrating on service quality with the purpose of maximizing customer’s satisfaction because every moment the guests spend with us is good or bad depends entirely on us or specifically the services we provide (Walker, 2008, p.04). However, the quality of the service itself and the customer experience are very difficult to measure since it is various among people from time to time. It is both an obstacle and an opportunity for the manager to become stand out from other rivals. The further opinion about how the intersection of hospitality, service and customer experience become a big problem for the manager will be discussed as below. 2. 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Hospitality Industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 2.1 History †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreAdvances And Development Of Tourism : A Literature Of Review1476 Words   |  6 Pages Advances of Technology in Tourism: A Literature of Review Introduction Technologies have influenced the growth and development of tourism industry in many ways. 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